IMPORTANT TERMS IN AGRICULTURE FOR ALL GOVT EXAMS - 1

 PARABOILING / CONVERTED RICE : 

• Process of partially boiling of rice in husk that includes 3 steps soaking, steaming & drying.
• This process conserve vitamin B12 in rice
• seen in Paddy

BEUSHENING :

• Cross ploughing in young paddy field in between 4-6 weeks after sowing in standing water to controll weeds, optimize crop stand & to improve aeration
• seen in paddy

ROPE PULLING / FLAG LEAF CLIPPING :

• Removal of youngest flag leaf of paddy
• seen in paddy

NERICA :

• New Rice for Africa
• It is the cultivar group of interspecific rice developed by the africa rice center to improve the yield of african rice cultivars
• It is the cross between Oryza glaberimma x Oryza sativa

STRASA : Stress tolerant rice for africa and south asia

SRI : System of rice intensification

PUDDLING :

• Mechanical manipulation of saturated soils with standing water in the field
• optimum depth of ploughing for clay & clay loamy type soils is 10cm
• For other soils the depth ranges 5-10 cm
• seen in paddy

SELF TILLAGE :

• Process of developing a crack in heavy soil
• seen in black cotton soils

LASER LAND LEVELLING :

• Process of smoothening land within +/- 2cm from the average elevation of the field

DETASSELING : 

• Removal of male parts ( tassel ) from flower
• seen in Maize

PEGGING :

• Formation of peg from flower
• seen in ground nut

POPPING :

• Formation of false pods with no kernels/edible part
• occurs due to calcium defeciency
• seen in Ground nut

DESUCKERING :

• Removal of unwanted suckers from plant
• seen in Banana, Tobacco, Tomato

DESUCKERING OF BANANA PLANT

NIPPING / TOPPING:

• Removal of upper twigs/tips/top portion of plant
• seen in Chick pea, sunflower, castor, Marigold, crysanthemum ..etc

LOOPING :

• Removal of all top branches of a crop
• seen in Lucerne

JERKING :

• Process of removal of primary tillers to promote uniform flowering of all tillers
• seen in Bajra

FLOOPING :

• Process of wilting of tobacco due to waterlogging condition
• seen in Tobacco

WILTED TOBACCO IN FLOOPING 

HELIOTROPISM :

• Tilted growth of plant towards direction of sunlight naturally
• seen in sunflower

RABBING :

• Burning of straw on the surface to make seedbed/field free from pest
• seen in Tobacco

CURING :

• Drying of leaves after harvesting
• seen in Tobacco & Tea

CURING IN TOBACCO

CURING IN TEA

EARHING UP :

• Addition of soil to the base of plant in hilly/ridge shape to promote better growth & support
• seen in Groundnut, Sugarcane, Potato, Banana

EARTHING UP IN SUGARCANE FIELD

EARTHING UP IN POTATO

RATOONING :

• Regrowth of previous crop
• seen in Sugarcane, Napier grass, Banana ....etc

REGROWTH OF SUGARCANE

ARROWING :

• Flowering in sugarcane

TRASHING / DETRASHING :

• Removal of extra / dry / old leaves of a plant ( mostly removed in lower portion )
• seen in Sugarcane, Tomato ...etc

PROPPING :

• Process of providing support to plant
• seen in sugarcane, banana...etc

SUPPORT GIVEN TO BANANA PLANT

WRAPPING / TYING :

• Process of providing support to sugarcane plant using its leaves

WRAPPING SUGARCANE PLANT

STALKING :

• Process of providing support to plant using a supporting structure like bamboo sticks...etc for every 6 / 8 inches they grow
• seen in Tomato

SUPPORTED WITH BAMBOO STICKS

GINNING :

• Seperation of fibre from cotton seed
• seen in Cotton, silk cotton

DELINTING :

• Process of removal of fuzz from the cotton seed coat
• for that H2SO4 is used @ 100ml/kg seed

TOPPING :

• Removal of upper buds of cotton plant

RETTING :

• Process in which jute stalk bundles are tied together & are taken to the tank / river body to get fibres loosened from wooden stalk
• seen in jute

STRIPPING :

• Process of seperation of fibres from wooden stalks after retting 
• seen in jute

RIBBON RETTING / RIBBONING :

• Process of extracting fibre in strips from wooden stalk mechanically in ribbon form & coiling them followed by ret under water ( done  immediately after harvesting  )
• seen in jute

SILKING :

• Process of emerging of silk from the ear to recieve pollen & begin the fertilization process.
• seen in Maize

KERA METHOD :

• It is a seed sowing method in which seed is dropped in furrows by hand

PORA METHOD :

• A seed sowing method in which seed is sown with a local plough with a special attachments like pora / hazara / nai.

SOWING IS BEING DONE WITH HELP OF COUNTRY PLOUGH

TIPPING :

• Plucking of leaves from tea plant

AUGMENT CROPS :

• Crops grown to suplement the yield of main crops.
• Ex. Japanese mustard with berseem

ALLEY CROPS :

• Crops grown in shade of other trees in a particular pattern
• Ex. pulses in shade of Casuarina

SMOTHER CROPS :

• Crops grown in main field tomkill the weeds & weed growth
• Ex. cowpea, Barley, Mustard ...etc

THRESHING :

• Process of seperating fruits/seeeds from plant's ears/cobs/panicle

THRERSHING IN PADDY

WINNOWING :

• Process of seperating grain from chaff

WINNOWING OF PADDY GRAINS

T-TEST :

• Tetrazolium test
• It is aseed viability test by which percentage of viable seeds can be determined.
• Chemical used here is  2,3,5-Tetrazolium chloride

MELITTOPHILY :

• Pollination done by bees
• Also called 'Hymenopterophily'

PSYCHOPHILY :

• Butterfly pollination

PHALAENOPHILY :

• Moth pollination

HAULM/STOVER :

• The waste/stalk of pulses or cereal crops 

TEST WEIGHT :

• Weight of 1000 seeds

SEED INDEX :

• Weight of 100 seeds

SHELLING :

• Process of removal of grains from cobs / kernals from pods / husk from paddy

CULM :

• Stem of rice

PADDY STEM

SEEPAGE :

• Horizontal flow of water in irrigation channels or through canals.

PALCO :

• It is the first irrigation before sowing the crop for seed germination and seedling establishment.

CLICK HERE 👉👉 : BASIC TERMS IN HORTICULTURE