Basic terms in HORTICULTURE

 HORTICULTURE :-
·       Came from 2 latin words
·       Hortus = Garden ; Cultra = Cultivation
·       Cultivation of garden crops / plants
POMOLOGY :-
·       Came from Latin + Greek words
·       Pomum = fruits ; logy = science
·       Science of production technology of fruits & their management



OLERICULTURE :-
·       Came from latin + English words
·       Oleris = pot herb ; Culture = raising of plants
·       Cultivation of potherbs which are edible ( vegetable production )
              


FLORICULTURE :-
·       Came from Latin + English words
·       Flos / Flor =  Flower ; Culture = raising of plants
·       Production technology of Flowers
       


 
ARBORICULTURE :-
·       Came from Latin + English words
·       Arbor / Arboris = Tree ; Culture = Raising of plants
·       Branch of Horticulture + forestry which deals with the selection, planting, care & removal of individual trees ; shrubs + vines and other perennial woody plants



 
VITICULTURE :-
·       Deals with production & marketing of grapes



 
OENOLOGY :-
·       Study that deals with aspects regarding wine and wine making
 
 


 
PROPAGATION :-
·       Multiplication of plants
 
SEXUAL PROPAGATION :-
·       Propagation of plant by seed
·       Meiosis takes place here
 
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION :-
·       Propagation of plant by any part of it other than seed
·       Mitosis takes place here
·       Also called vegetative propagation
 
SCION :-
·       Upper most part of the graft union or budding that forms new shoot system of united plant



 
ROOTSTOCK :-
·       Lower most portion of graft union / budding union that forms new root system of united plant / graft union pant



 
CUTTING :-

·       A kind of vegetative reproduction which includes of process of separating a portion of plant & and growing that portion again to grow as a new plant

·       EX….. Rose ; Apple ; Peach ; Guava ; Pomegranate ; Grape ; Fig…etc











BUDDING :-

·       Vegetative propagation method
·       Process of connecting scion as a bud & rootstock together to grow as a new plant
·       EX….. Rose ; Apple ; pear ; peach ; Grapes ; Sweet orange ; cherry…etc






   
GRAFTING :-

·       Vegetative propagation method
·       Process of connecting scion as shoot & root stock together to grow as a new plant
·       EX….. Mango ; Walnut ; Grapes ; Cherry ; Apple ; Pear ; Citrus …etc

 


                  
 


LAYERING :-

·       Vegetative propagation method
·       Propagation technique in which portion of plant is forced to produce adventitious roots when attached to the mother plant & then after producing adventitious roots cutting that portion & again growing it as a new plant
·       EX….. Guava ; Gooseberries ; Quince ; Jasmine ; Litchi ; Jackfruit ; Cashew nut ; Lime ; Raspberries ; Black berries…etc









RUNNER :-

·       It is the thin & long stem that develops from axil of leaves and grows along the surface ground horizontally & forms nodes and roots that are penetrated into ground
·       EX….. Strawberry ; Dendrobium …etc



STOLONS :-

·       Modified stem which grows horizontally from underground to surface ground & forms roots
·       EX…..Mint ; Bermuda grass ; Jasmine …etc
 
OFFSETS (or) OFFSHOOTS :-

·       These are the lateral shoots that develops from base of main stem & then produces new shoots and roots
·       EX….. Datepalm ; Pineapple ; Banana ..etc

 


SUCKERS :-

·       The shoot that develops on adventitious bud on underground stem & grows vertically above the ground
·       Stem growing nature is negative to geotropic
·       EX….. Datepalm ; Pineapple ; Banana ; Raspberry ; Blackberry …etc
 
 







BULB :-

·       It is the underground stem modification in which plant stores food in it
·       Contain Discoid
·       Mostly seen in Monocots
·       EX….. Onion ; Garlic ; Lilly ; Tulip …etc



CORM :-

·       It is the underground stem modification in which stem grows vertically into the soil
·       Have nodes & internodes
·       Stem grows positively geotropic
·       EX….. Gladiolus ; Colacassia …etc
 
 




RHIZOME :-

·       Underground stem modification in which stem grows horizontally in soil & beneath the ground
·       Have nodes & internodes
·       EX….. Banana ; Ginger ; Blue berry …etc



TUBER :-

·       Underground swollen stem which posses eyes on surface of it
·       Eyes perform similar function to nodes
·       EX….. Potato ; Artichoke …etc



TUBEROUS ROOTS :-

·       It is the underground swollen roots which functions as storage organs
·       EX…. Sweet potato ; Cassava ; Dahlia …etc



 

 

TRAINING :-

•        Removal of plant parts ( shoots ) to provide proper shape & support to plant

PRUNING :-

•        Removal of plant parts for better well being of plants to get good & qualitative yield

THINNING :-

•        Removal of complete part / portion of plant ( selected ) or complete plant (off-type)

RINGING or GIRDLING :-

•        It is the process of removal of bark with certain measurements

NOTCHING :-

•        Making a notch above the bud by removing a wedge shaped piece of bark

NICKING :-

•        Making a notch below the bud by removing a wedge shaped piece of bark

HEADING BACK :-

•        Removal of terminal portion of shoot by leaving the small basal portion intact to the small tree/plant

 

BUD :-

• An immature shoot which is often covered / surrounded by protective leaves

POLLINATION :-

• Process of transfer of pollen grain from anther to stigma of flowers

CLEISTOGAMY :-

• Condition in which flower never opens before anthesis

CHASMOGAMY :-

• Condition in which flower opens reproductive organs & are exposed to open environment

UNISEXUAL FLOWERS :-

• Flowers having any one type of sex organs ( unisexuality )

BISEXUAL FLOWERS :-

• Flowers having both kinds of sex organs ( bisexuality )
• these are perfect flowers or hermaphrodite flowers

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